Appendix

AM characteristics

AM signals bend around such things as buildings or mountains and bounce off the ionosphere.

Therefore, they can reach longer distances than FM signals.

Because of this, two stations may sometimes be picked up on the same frequency at the same time.

FM characteristics

An FM broadcast range is usually about 40―50 km (25―30 miles) from the source. Because of extra coding needed to break the sound into two channels, stereo FM has even less range than monaural (non-stereo) FM.

Signals from an FM transmitter are similar to beams of light because they do not bend around corners, but they do reflect. Unlike AM signals, FM signals cannot travel beyond the horizon. Therefore, FM stations cannot be received at the great distances possible with AM reception.

Atmospheric conditions can also affect FM reception. High humidity will cause poor reception. However, cloudy days may provide better reception than clear days.

Multipath noise

Since FM signals can be reflected by obstructions, it is possible to receive both the direct signal and the reflected signal at the same time. This causes a slight delay in reception and may be heard as a broken sound or a distortion. This problem may also be encountered when in close proximity to the transmitter.

Flutter/Skip noise

Signals from an FM transmitter move in straight lines and become weak in valleys between tall buildings, mountains, and other obstacles. When a vehicle passes through such an area, the reception conditions may change suddenly, resulting in annoying noise.

Weak signal noise

In suburban areas, broadcast signals become weak because of distance from the transmitter. Reception in such fringe areas is characterized by sound breakup.

Strong signal noise

This occurs very close to a transmitter tower. The broadcast signals are extremely strong, so the result is noise and sound breakup at the radio receiver.

Station drift noise

When a vehicle reaches the area of two strong stations broadcasting at similar frequencies, the original station may be temporarily lost and the second station picked up. At this time there will be some noise from this disturbance.

MP3 stands for MPEG Audio Layer 3, which is standardized voice compression established by the ISO^*1 working group (MPEG).

Use of MP3 allows for audio data to be compressed to approximately a tenth of the source data size.

This unit plays files with the extension (.mp3) as MP3 files.

1. International Organization for Standardization

 

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Do not use an audio file extension on files other than audio files. In addition, do not change the audio file extension. Otherwise, the unit will not recognize the file correctly resulting in noise or a malfunction.

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Supply of this product only conveys a license for private, non-commercial use and does not convey a license nor imply any right to use this product in any commercial (i.e. revenue-generating) real time broadcasting (terrestrial, satellite, cable and/or any other media), broadcasting/streaming via the Internet, intranets and/or other networks or in other electronic content distribution systems, such as pay-audio or audio-on-demand applications. An independent license for such use is required. For details, please visit http://www.mp3licensing.com.

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• When naming an MP3 file, be sure to add an MP3 file extension (.mp3) after the file name.

• The number of characters which can be displayed is restricted.

WMA is short for Windows Media^*1 Audio and is the audio compression format used by Microsoft^*1.

Audio data can be created and stored at a higher compression ratio than MP3.

This unit plays files with the extension (.wma) as WMA files.

1. Windows Media and Microsoft are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation U.S. in the United States and other countries.

 

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Do not use an audio file extension on files other than audio files. In addition, do not change the audio file extension. Otherwise, the unit will not recognize the file correctly resulting in noise or a malfunction.

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• WMA files written under specifications other than the indicated specification may not play normally or files or folder names may not display correctly.

• The file extension may not be provided depending on the computer operating system, version, software, or settings. In this case, add the file extension “.wma” to the end of the file name, and then write it to the memory.

AAC stands for Advanced Audio Coding, which is standardized voice compression established by the ISO^*1 working group (MPEG). Audio data can be created and stored at a higher compression ratio than MP3.

This unit plays files with the extensions (.aac/.m4a/.wav) as the AAC files.

*1 International Organization for Standardization

 

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Do not use an audio file extension on files other than audio files. In addition, do not change the audio file extension. Otherwise, the unit will not recognize the file correctly resulting in noise or a malfunction.

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• AAC files written under specifications other than the indicated specification may not play normally or files or folder names may not display correctly.

• The file extension may not be provided depending on the computer operating system, version, software, or settings. In this case, add the file extension “.aac ”, “.m4a”, or “.wav” to the end of the file name, and then write it to the memory.

OGG is the audio compression format for Xiph. Org Foundation.

Audio data can be created and stored at a higher compression ratio than MP3.

This unit plays files with the extension (.ogg) as OGG files.

 

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Do not use an audio file extension on files other than audio files. In addition, do not change the audio file extension. Otherwise, the unit will not recognize the file correctly resulting in noise or a malfunction.

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• OGG files written under specifications other than the indicated specification may not play normally or files or folder names may not display correctly.

• The file extension may not be provided depending on the computer operating system, version, software, or settings. In this case, add the file extension “.ogg” to the end of the file name, and then write it to the memory.

This unit plays audio files as follows:

 

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Do not use an audio file extension on files other than audio files. In addition, do not change the audio file extension. Otherwise, the unit will not recognize the file correctly resulting in noise or a malfunction.

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• Playback may not be possible depending on the type and condition of the USB flash memory even if the audio file complies with the standard above.

• A copyright protected WMA/AAC file cannot be played in this unit.

• The order of the music data stored in the device may differ from the playback order.

• To prevent loss or damage of stored data, we recommend that you always back up your data.

• If a device exceeds the maximum electric current value of 1,000 mA, it may not operate or recharge when connected.

• Do not pull out the USB device while in the USB mode (only pull it out while in FM/AM radio mode).

• The device will not operate if the data is password protected.

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MP3/WMA/AAC/OGG files written under specifications other than the indicated specification may not play normally or files/folder names may not display correctly.